Hormonal therapy with oral contraceptives that contain drospirenone have demonstrated efficiency in reducing PMDD symptoms as well. įirst line treatment for PMDD is with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Roughly 20% of females have some symptoms of PMDD, but either have less than five or do not have functional impairment. It has 11 main symptoms, and a woman has to exhibit at least five to be diagnosed with PMDD. PMDD was added to the list of depressive disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 2013. Some studies have suggested that those with PMDD are more at risk of developing postpartum depression after pregnancy, but other evidence has been found to suggest against that notion. The researchers believe that this increased sensitivity may be responsible for PMDD symptoms. In 2017, researchers at the National Institutes of Health discovered that women with PMDD have genetic changes that make their emotional regulatory pathways more sensitive to estrogen and progesterone, as well as their chemical derivatives. However, because the symptoms are only present during ovulatory cycles and resolve after menses, it is believed to be caused by fluctuations in gonadal sex hormones or variations in sensitivity to sex hormones. The exact cause of PMDD is currently unknown. Within this population of reproductive age, some will meet the criteria for PMDD. However, 5-8% experience severe premenstrual syndrome causing significant distress or functional impairment. Many women of reproductive age experience discomfort or mild mood changes prior to menstruation. PMDD has a profound impact on a person's quality of life and dramatically increases the risk of suicidal ideation and even suicide attempts. The symptoms occur in the luteal phase, (between ovulation and menses), improve within a few days after the onset of menses, and are minimal or absent in the week after menses. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder ( PMDD) is a mood disorder characterized by emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms that cause significant distress or impairment in menstruating women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. SSRIs, drospirenone-containing oral contraceptives, GnRH analogs, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Medication, counselling, lifestyle change, surgery Premenstrual syndrome, depression, anxiety disorder Likely neuro-sensitivity to reproductive hormonesįamily history, history of violence/trauma, smoking, presence of other mental health disorders Severe mood swings, depression, irritability, agitation, uneasiness, change in appetite, severe fatigue, anxiety, anger, swelling, bruising, insomnia/hypersomnia, breast tenderness, decreased interest in usual social activities, reduced interest in sexual activity, heart palpitations, tachycardia, difficulty in concentrationĬan occur anytime during reproductive years Medical condition Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
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